Amazinga e-carbon dioxide emhlabeni jikelele, kanye namazinga okushisa omoya, kwenyuka unyaka nonyaka ukwedlula amazinga ngaphambi kokuba khona kwezimboni emhlabeni© Creative Commons.
Umhlaba wethu uyafudumala. Ngenxa yokukhula kancane kancane kwelanga kanye nangenxa yezinguquko ezincane emzileni womhlaba emkhathini, izinga elithile lokufudumala komhlaba liyinto evele elindelekile. Kodwa-ke, imithelela enjalo ingabikezeleka kanti futhi ayikwazi ukuchaza loku fudumala ngokushesha esesinako namhlanje. Lokhu kufudumala kuye kwashesha njengoba izimboni zabantu kanye nokuhambela amanye amazwe kwabantu nako sekuthuthukile. Loku kuhambelana nesinye isibikezelo esenziwa usosayensi wase-Sweden eminyakeni engu-150 eyedlule, ukuthi ukwanda kwamanye amagesi emhlabeni kungabangela ukuba umkhathi ugqume ukufudumala kwelanga okuningi. Ukwanda okwethusayo kwezinga lokushisa eminyakeni engama-70 eyedlule kungachazwa ngokukhuphuka kwamazinga 'amagesi abamba ukushisa' emkhathini, lapho i-'carbon dioxide' kanye ne-'methane' kuyiwo ande kakhulu.
Nokwesimo sezulu futhi?
iminyaka eyishumi nambili yokuhlehla kwenguzunga yeqhwa yase-Norwegian Briskal, elalimboze leli chibi eminyakeni eyishumi phambilini. © Mateusz Kurzik/Oleg Kozlov/Shutterstock
Ukwenyuka kwamazinga okushisa emhlabeni kunemithelela emibili emikhulu. Umthelela odlondlobala ngamandla ilo wokuncibilika kweqhwa ezindaweni ezibandayo. Izinguzunga zeqhwa e-Antarctica nase-Greenland ziyancibilika futhi zemuka ngokushesha. Iqhwa elemboza umhlaba kulezindawo zombili, liyaqhephuka ligeleze liyoncibilika olwandle bese kuthi ngaleyondlela kukhuphuke imikhawulo yamazinga olwandle emhlabeni wonke jikelele, kulelikhulu leminyaka esikulo, ulwandle selunyuke cishe ngemitha. Umthelela oshesha ngokwengeziwe ilo wokuguquguquka kwesimo sezulu, ohambisana nokuguquka kwamazinga okushisa asolwandle kanye nokushintsha kwezimo zezulu eziphazanyiswa amazinga okushisa asolwandle. Umphunga wamanzi omningi unyukela emkhathini, usuka ezindaweni ezifudumele, futhi ukushintsha kwesimo sezulu kunika ezinye izindawo izimvula ezinkulu kanye neziphepho eziningi kunokwejwayelekile. Ngokuphambene nalokho, ezinye izindawo zithola isikhathi eside sesomiso nokuntuleka kwamanzi agciniwe.
Kwenzakalani uma isimo sezulu siguquka
Izikhukhula e-Thailand © Atikan Pornchaprasit/Shutterstock
Inani labantu emhlabeni selenyukile ngenxa yokuthuthuka kwezolimo eminyakeni eyizinkulungwane eyedlule, ngesikhathi sesimo sezulu esingesihle. Nakuba kunjalo, lokwenyuka kwanamuhla kwamazinga okushisa emhlabeni wonkana, kufaka abantu kanye nemvelo engcupheni ngezindlela ezine ezahlukene; izikhukhula, imililo, indlala kanye nezifo. Izikhukhula ziphinde zenziwe zimbi kakhulu nawukunyuka kolwandle ezindaweni eziphansi kanye nemvula enamandla ebangela ukuguguleka komhlabathi kwezinye izindawo. Isomiso esihlala isikhathi eside sibangela ukuba izimila zishe, bese ziyasha ngemililo yamaqubula. Isomiso kanye nezikhukhula kuthikameza izimila zibe ziwukudla kwabantu nezinye izilwane, zibange indlala ephinde ilekelelwe nawukwentuleka kwamanzi okuphuza. Lemiphumela ibuye ibangele nokuba izimila kanye nezilwane zibe sengozini yezifo ezitholakala ezindaweni ezishisayo, ezibhebhetheka zibheke ngasenyakatho nasentshonalanga yomhlaba, ezindaweni ezifudumele.
Umlilo wasendle e-USA
Amazinga e-carbon dioxide ayenyuka ngokubaswa okwengeziwe kwamafutha akudala, abandakanya amalahle, uwoyela kanye nogesi. Noma singayeka ukubasa lamafutha akudala, ukukhuphuka kwamazinga okushisa okuqhubekayo kancane kancane kungathatha amashumi eminyaka ukubuyela esimweni esifanele. Ingozi enkulu nakakhulu ukuthi ukwenyuka kwezinga lokushisa kufinyelele lapho kungalukhuni khona ukubuyela emuva. Lokhu kwenza ukucekelwa phansi kwamahlathi amakhulu asezindaweni ezifudumele, kwethuse kakhulu. Ukulahleka kwehlathi ngenxa yomlilo wasendle nenhlabathi eyomile ngenxa yezomiso, abantu bakuleyondawo kube sekudinga bathuthe. Abantu abaningi bayoguguleka uma ukwenyuka kwamazinga olwandle kulekelela iziphepho zikhukhule amadolobha atholakala ngasogwini. Kungenzeka yini ukuthi ingozi yokuguguleka okunjalo kuguqule imibono yabantu emhlabani wonkana, ekutholeni izisombululo zokuguquguquka kwesimo sezulu, izisombululo zokongiwa kwemvelo kanye nezisombululo zokusinda kwethu?
Yini esingayenza?
Ukuhlinzekelwa kwamandla amasha emakhaya eYurophu nase-Afrika
Kukhona izixazululo ezisuselwa kwimvelo ezimiselwe ukusiza ulwandle, inhlabathi kanye nohlaza (izimila) ukuze kumunceke i-carbon eningi esemkhathini. Ukutshalwa kwezihlahla kabanzi, kancane kancane, kukhiqiza inhlabathi entsha, kuphinde kudale ithuba lokugcina i-carbon esezingodweni ezisezakhiweni. Izindlela zokubuyisela umswakama wenhlabathi ngokuvuselela imvelo, ikakhulukazi ezindaweni ezingama-peatland, emahlathini amasha kanye nasekuvuselelweni kwezolimo, kungasiza kakhulu. Kanti zikhona futhi nezixazululo ezenziwe ngobunjiniyela. Ugesi ophehlwe ngokushisa kwelanga noma ophehlwe ngokusetshenziswa komoya ungathatha indawo yogesi ophehlwe ngezimbiwa ukuze kusetshenziswe wona emakhaya, ezimbonini kanjalo nakwezokuthutha, inqobo nje uma singathola izindlela zokugcina amandla anele ngezikhathi zobumnyama. Amazwe asenyakatho adinga ukusebenzisa izindlela eziningi zokuphila ezisimeme, bese esiza amazwe aseningizimu ukuba nawo enze lolushintsho lokuphila, ngezindlela ezintsha zokuphila, ngoba sonke siphila emhlabeni owodwa. Noma ngabe yini esiyenzayo, kumele siyenze ngokushesha, ngaphambi kokuba sifike lapho isimo singasayikubuyiseleka khona emuva.